CPT vs OPT: Choosing the right work authorization option

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For international students in the U.S., understanding the differences between Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT) is crucial for leveraging work opportunities related to their field of study. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you choose the right work authorization option.

What is CPT and Who is Eligible?

CPT is temporary work authorization for F-1 visa international students, allowing them to work off-campus in jobs related to their field of study after completing one year of full-time study. It's ideal for internships during the academic year or summer, and many students earn college credit for their CPT internship.

Eligibility Criteria for CPT:

  • Completion of at least one full academic year of school.

  • A valid job or internship offer related to the student’s field of study.

  • The job must satisfy an integral component of the student’s academic program and must start and end before the student’s academic program ends.

Key Points:

  • Graduate students with program-required internships can apply for CPT earlier.

  • CPT can be part-time (up to 20 hours per week) or full-time (up to 40 hours per week).

  • 12 months of full-time CPT disqualifies you from OPT eligibility.

What is OPT and Who is Eligible?

OPT is temporary work authorization that allows F-1 students to gain practical work experience related to their field of study. It can be used either before (pre-completion OPT) or after graduation (post-completion OPT), without the need for a job offer to apply.

Eligibility Criteria for OPT:

  • Completion of at least one full academic year of school.

  • The job must be related to the student’s field of study.

  • Pre-completion OPT allows part-time work (up to 20 hours per week) while school is in session.

Key Points:

  • OPT can be used for up to 12 months total at each education level.

  • STEM graduates can apply for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, allowing up to three years of work in the U.S. after graduation.

  • The employer must be enrolled in the USCIS E-Verify program for STEM OPT.

Differences and Similarities Between CPT and OPT

Both CPT and OPT offer off-campus work authorization for F-1 visa students, requiring the job to relate to the student’s academic major. However, they differ in academic requirements, college credit availability, job offer requirements, employment timing, authorizing officials, proof of authorization, application fees, and approval waiting times.

How to Apply for CPT vs OPT

CPT Application Process:

  • Contact your school’s international student services office for available CPT programs.

  • Obtain an official employment offer letter.

  • Apply for CPT through your college or university.

  • Receive your I-20 form with CPT approval, sign it, and provide a copy to your employer.

OPT Application Process:

  • Contact your college’s Designated School Official (DSO) for OPT recommendation.

  • Complete Form I-765 and send it to USCIS with the required documents.

  • Pay the $410 fee to USCIS.

  • Receive your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS.

Wrap-up on CPT and OPT Rules and Guidelines

While CPT and OPT serve similar purposes, they are not interchangeable. CPT is used before graduation, primarily for internships, while OPT can be utilized before and/or after graduation. Many students strategically use both to maximize their work experience in the U.S. and extend their F-1 visa duration.

Understanding the nuances of CPT and OPT can significantly impact your work authorization strategy, ensuring you make the most of your study experience in the U.S.

Prepared on the information from interstride.com

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