Gaining dual citizenship offers a myriad of benefits, including the freedom to live, work, and travel in two countries. As of recent data, 49% of countries recognize dual nationality. The pathways to obtaining a second citizenship vary by country, including marriage, descent, investment, and naturalization, among others.
Citizenship by Origin: Many countries offer citizenship by descent, where individuals can claim citizenship through their parents, grandparents, or even great-grandparents. This method is based on the "blood law" and is prevalent in countries like Spain, Bulgaria, and Poland.
Citizenship by Repatriation: This method allows individuals to return to their historical homeland and claim citizenship. Costs are relatively low, with Bulgaria and Romania offering programs for around €3,000 and €2,500, respectively.
Citizenship by Naturalisation: Requires living in the country for a specified period. Countries like Canada and Australia have clear pathways through study, work, or skilled migration visas leading to citizenship.
Citizenship through Marriage: Marrying a citizen of a country can fast-track citizenship. The required period of marriage before eligibility varies by country.
Citizenship for Exceptional Services: Contributions to art, science, or sports can lead to citizenship in countries like the UAE, which offers it to investors, scientists, doctors, engineers, and artists.
Citizenship by Investment: A significant number of countries offer citizenship through economic contributions, such as investments in real estate, government bonds, or national development funds. This method often bypasses the need for residency or language and history exams.
The Caribbean and Oceania are notable for their citizenship by investment programs, with online application processes making it convenient for investors. Vanuatu is renowned for its speedy process, taking only 1–2 months on average. Caribbean citizenship, particularly from Dominica and Grenada, is sought after for its tax benefits and business opportunities. Malta offers citizenship based on exceptional merit through a direct investment of at least €690,000.
Family members, including spouses, children, and grandparents, can also obtain citizenship through investment. However, applicants undergo thorough due diligence checks, including analyses of income sources and political status.
Countries like Portugal, Spain, and Greece offer residence by investment programs, which can eventually lead to permanent residence or citizenship. These programs require investments in real estate or other economic sectors and provide a pathway to citizenship after a period of residency.
The route to obtaining a second citizenship varies significantly across countries, with options ranging from descent and marriage to investment and exceptional services. Investment programs, in particular, offer a straightforward path to citizenship without the need for prolonged residency or cultural integration tests. As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the value of dual citizenship, with its enhanced mobility and opportunities, continues to rise.
Prepared on the information from immigrantinvest.com